The presented paper underscores the significance of historical-geographical factors in the development of medieval and early modern towns, particularly focusing on the role of the historical landscape as a fundamental platform for urban research. By examining the systematic research of medieval and early modern chancelleries of royal towns in Bohemia, this paper aims to overcome the fragmentation of urban history and provide a functional comparative analysis. The findings from this research will effectively reflect the prosperity of a given royal town in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period, considering its integral part of Central European state, land, and regional history, as well as its local context as a town in a landscape. This interdisciplinary approach requires knowledge from other historical disciplines to examine the towns in the context of political, religious, economic, and cultural environments, and to observe the external and internal influences on the urban organism and their impacts. By adopting a comparative approach, this paper intends to create a comprehensive understanding of urban development in medieval and early modern royal towns in Bohemia.