The so-called "concentration" in Chinese history is fundamentally a behavior of power rather than economic behavior. From the classic quote "the detritus of civilized society, with bones lying frozen along the roads" to the saying "only those with official status can enjoy the luxuries of life, while ordinary people are left to suffer," this phenomenon has persisted throughout Chinese history. In reality, regardless of whether it's the country's "suppression of concentration" policies, which restrict the people's economic activities, or the private interests of the elite, which exploit the people for personal gain, they both represent the "power over property" and "rule-submission relationship" distribution mentioned by Marx. As a result, these two concepts often overlap and interact with each other.
The historical phenomenon of the concentration of wealth among the elite has, to a large extent, been made possible through the "suppression of concentration" measures implemented against ordinary wealthy individuals. Therefore, people like Liang Qichao saw in Wang Anshi's "suppression of concentration" measures a form of "national concentration."
Why do "suppression of concentration" and "non-suppression of concentration" continuously fail to resolve the economic cycle? It's because the feudal economic system, which allows power to exploit property, cannot establish "processual justice," let alone ensure fair starting conditions for the rule of law. As a result, the government's "laissez-faire" approach will create countless small-scale tyrants and cliques but fails to produce any middle class. The government's economic control is solely focused on "contending with the people for benefits," yet it cannot establish a rational regulatory mechanism.
Since the traditional economic process has not established "processual justice," which is essential for modern economics, we are trapped in the perpetual cycle of "prosperity- collapse" eternal recurrence. This is not to say that individual transactions in the traditional economy do not always involve justice; however, the overall process does not follow the principle that only initial capital comes from clear and legitimate sources, while subsequent wealth is accumulated through free trade.